Women’s Sexuality after Gynecologic Cancer Treatment: A Phenomenological Inquiry

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of women's sexuality after gynecologic cancer treatments. The study aimed to give these women a voice to express their unique experiences with this significant aspect of their lives.
Significance: Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Gynecologic cancers are the most prevalent among women, contributing notably to global and national mortality rates. With the expected rise in gynecologic cancer diagnoses, particularly for younger women, the effects of treatments on women's sexuality are increasingly important. Women's sexuality after gynecologic cancer treatment is a phenomenon significant to nursing practice because it aligns with Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which forms the basis of human survival. Sex is categorized within the physiological needs tier of Maslow's hierarchy alongside essential functions such as breathing and eating. An unmet need within the aspect of sexuality may hinder the optimal functioning of the human body. Addressing the impact on women’s sexuality is essential and often overlooked in survivorship care.
Methods: This study was guided by an interpretivist paradigm, emphasizing a profound interpretation of women's experiences with sexuality post-treatment. The research utilized a qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological approach, incorporating purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data collection involved semi-structured, auto-recorded interviews, which were transcribed and verified for accuracy. This comprehensive process allowed for a thorough and meaningful interpretation of the phenomenon.
Findings and interpretations: Data analysis revealed five key themes that encapsulated the lived experience of women's sexuality after gynecologic cancer treatment: 1) hopelessness, 2) pain after treatment, 3) losing former sense of sexuality, 4) lacking conversation about women's sexuality, and 5) survivorship. These themes emphasize the need for holistic nursing care.
Discussion: Grounded in Max van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology, this study unveiled the complexities women face as they navigate unfamiliar experiences with their sexuality after treatment. Participants' narratives highlighted numerous challenges affecting their physical, psychological, and social well-being. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of women's experiences after gynecologic cancer, offering valuable knowledge to inform further research and guide the development of psychosocial support within survivorship care plans. By addressing sexuality as a fundamental need, nurses can adopt a holistic approach that fosters optimal patient outcomes and supports women in their cancer survivorship journey.